The article examines the evolution of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism from intellectual concepts of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to their contemporary political and institutional manifestations. The theoretical novelty of the research consists in developing a historical and structural concept of the origins of modern pan-Turkism and pan-Islamism based on a systematic analysis of sources. The methodological basis of the research is the civilizational approach, which assumes the perception of global space as a set of separate autonomous civilizational systems with unique features and characteristics that influence the interaction of civilizations with each other. The research's source base consists of a wide and diverse range of materials in Russian, Turkish, and English. The works of the founders of the ideology of pan-Turkism were studied and analyzed: Y. Akchura, Z. Gekalpa, whose works were published in the period from 1900 to the 1930s, when the ideological basis of pan-Turkism reached its peak, the work of S. A. Zenkovsky "Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia", which characterized the political movement of Muslims in Russia since the time of Gasprinsky, The work of R. I. Guzaerov "socio-cultural interaction of the member countries of the OTG", which described the forms, mechanisms and results of cooperation between the member states of the OTG. Article by Sbitneva A. I. "Turkey in Central Asia: regional trends" allowed us to consider the key areas of Turkish policy in the region – economic cooperation, political interaction, cultural and educational ties and religious and social elements, and N.V. Ibadov in his article "Implementation of the concept of "soft power" of Turkey in the Turkic region" analyzed in detail the tools and mechanisms Turkey's "soft power" in the Turkic states, having reviewed the activities of non-governmental organizations and religious institutions, cultural initiatives, and economic and infrastructural projects. The study focuses on the transformation of these ideologies in the context of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the formation of the Turkish Republic, and subsequent changes in the international system, particularly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It is shown that in the twenty-first century Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism have lost their rigid doctrinal character and now function primarily as elements of soft power integrated into Turkey’s humanitarian, cultural, and foreign policy practices. Special attention is given to Central Asia as a key arena for the implementation of these approaches, and continuity between early ideological frameworks and modern political practices is identified. The article concludes by highlighting the significance of these processes for the post-Soviet space and Russia’s strategic interests.