Introduction. The article is devoted to the implementation of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin on the territo-ry of the Simbirsk Trans-Volga region (which until 1920 was part of the Samara province). The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that the development of a system of reforms in the agricultural sector, in the context of the growing degree of tension in international relations with European states and the United States, requires an appeal to the historical experience of P.A. Stolypin's reforms, as a result of which an effective result was achieved in the shortest possible time. Purpose: to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin on the territory of the Simbirsk Trans-Volga region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of archival materials taken from the depositories of the Central State Archives of the Samara Region and periodicals. Both general scientific and special research methods: compara-tive – historical, concrete – historical and statistical were used in the work. Results, discussion. The article ana-lyzes in detail the course and results of the Stolypin agrarian reform for the period 1906–1916, and also reveals the characteristic features of this process. It has been proved that the result of agrarian transformations was the acquisition of the status of a personal landowner by the peasant. Conclusion. It is noted that the reform had a positive impact on the development of production and led to the emergence of effective business executives-capitalists in the peasant environment. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that among the peasant en-vironment, social inequality increased; wealthy peasants could massively build houses and purchase household goods, while poor peasants who could not adapt to new realities joined the ranks of the proletarians.