One of the major problems, which is most acute in our country, is the problem of upbringing and maintenance of children. Unfortunately, in Russia there is a so-called “social orphans” – children left without parental care, who cannot be counted among the ranks of biological orphans. These children acquire such status although their parents are alive. Basically, this is due to neglecting attitude of parents to their duties. Public attention is most of all attracted by the following questions. How to prevent a dynamic improvement of the situation of children in the family? What measures might contribute to the proper execution of their parental rights and responsibilities?