Basic information
| Title journal: | VESTNIK 2 (46), 2026 |
|---|---|
| Number: | 2 |
| Year: | 2026 |
| Date of publication on the website: | 14.08.2026 |
| Full journal in PDF: | Download |
Content
The phenomenon of constantinople-istanbul in I.A. Bunin's cycle "The shad-ow of a bird": an experience of historical and cultural reconstruction
UDC: 821.161.1.09+94(560)Section: HISTORY
Authors: Abidulin Alim M.
Annotation: This article examines I.A. Bunin's travel essay series "The Shadow of the Bird" (1907–1911) as a representative source on the history, topography, and everyday life of Ottoman Istanbul in the early 20th century. The author analyzes the specifics of Bunin's "Oriental text," which emerges from the intersection of lyrical diary, philosophical travelogue, and ethnographic description. Particular attention is paid to the role of Persian poetry (Saadi Shirazi) as a hermeneutic key to the interpretation of urban space, as well as the reception of architectural monuments of the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The symbolism of the series' title, which harks back to the Sufi legend of the Humay Bird, whose shadow bestows royalty and immortality, is explored. The paper demonstrates how the author's subjective perspective allows us to reconstruct the objective historical realities of a turning point−the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the formation of a new urban order.“Russian necropolis” in Belgrade: memorial heritage of emigration and historical memory of Russia in Serbia
UDC: 94Section: HISTORY
Authors: Egor V. Kolesnikov
Annotation: Introduction. Today urban space predetermines the existence of a multitude of ways to read and interpret it. The urban «text» is formed by elements of urban development, the system of public spaces, road and street signs systems, outdoor advertising and so on. Memory spaces (lieu de mémoire), defined by researchers in a broad sense as elements of the material and cultural environment, material and symbolic objects through which collective memory is embodied, play a special role in urban space. In this regard, the city appears as a historical "text," a kind of "book of remembrance," in which memory spaces serve as the key to understanding and as a symbolic element of the urban «text» at the same time. Purpose. This article attempts to analyze the complex the «Russian Necropolis» in Belgrade in accordance with the methodological foundations of the concept of «memory spaces». Materials and Methods. The study draws on N.G. Fedotova's methodological approach to identifying and classifying sites of memory in the context of urban space. The source base of the research consists of scientific works and publications devoted to the issues of Russian emigration in Serbia and the monuments of the «Russian Necropolis», in particular their creation, history and current state. Research results. An analysis of the theoretical, methodological and historical materials revealed that the «Russian Necropolis» complex in Belgrade is a site of memory of Russia in both broad and narrow senses. It can be classified as a «memory of battles» (Memorial Ossuary to the Defenders of Belgrade and the monument to Nicholas II and the Two Million Russian Soldiers of the Great War), as well as a «memory of origins» and «memory of traditions» (Iverskaya Chapel), based on the way historical information is symbolized. Conclusion. The «Russian Necropolis» contains semiotic and functional components, actualizes certain fragments of the past in the communicative space of Belgrade and provides the opportunity for intergenerational and cross-cultural transmission of meanings and memories of historically significant events for the residents of the Serbian capital.The battle of the village of Zheltura may 31 – June 2 1921 according to the memoirs of Innokenty Ivanovich Sukharev
UDC: 930.2Section: HISTORY
Authors: Lagunov Alexey K.
Annotation: The object of research in this article is the memoirs of I.I. Sukharev, a participant in the battle of the village of Zheltura on the part of the Bolsheviks, which had not previously been introduced into scientific circulation. The main purpose is to determine the representativeness of these memoirs as a source about a key episode of the campaign of Baron R.F. von Ungern-Sternberg's Asian Division. The failure of the brigade under the command of B.P. Rezukhin forced adjustments to further plans for an offensive against the Bolsheviks.
The importance of the battle is added by the fact that the activities of the young red commander, the future Marshal of the Soviet Union, K.K. Rokossovsky, played an important role in its outcome. When studying the source-based features of memories, the biography of the memoirist is reconstructed on the basis of the revealed information, and further prospects in this direction are outlined. I.I. Sukharev's view of the events of the Battle of Zhelturinskaya is compared with other data, both reflected by contemporaries and subsequently identified by researchers. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the memoirs of I.I. Sukharev has a number of ambiguous episodes. They are often not described by other memoirists. One such example is the appearance of a camel with anti-Soviet leaflets on the eve of the battle. The specifics of the source's formation were also pointed out, since it could have been created by the 50th anniversary of the events in 1971 and recorded from the words of a memoirist. Subsequently, numerous changes were made to the memoirs, which also shaped the source features of the memoirs. Nevertheless, this source contains quite remarkable evidence of the preparations for the battle and descriptions of the reaction of the population. Yellow on the current events. Thus, it is emphasized that despite the controversial aspects, nevertheless, the memoirs of I.I. Sukharev are a curious source that can enrich the prevailing ideas about the battle of the Red Army against the detachment of B.P. Rezukhin, an associate of Baron Ungern.. Ideas about Tartarus as a mirror of social relations in the Roman Empire of the 1st–2nd centuries AD
UDC: 93/94Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yulia S. Obidina
Annotation: Introduction. In this article, unlike previous studies, Tartarus is considered not as a religious-mythological region of Hades, but as an institutional construct – a projection of the Roman social system onto the afterlife. Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the mechanisms and features of the transformation of the Greek mythological image of Tartarus in the Roman literary tradition of the 1st century BC – 2nd century AD under the influence of the Roman institutional system. Materials and methods. The material for the study was written sources from the period in question, containing the most detailed descriptions of Tartarus: Book VI of Virgil's Aeneid, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Seneca's tragedies, and the satirical works of Lucian. For comparison with the Greek tradition, the evidence of Hesiod, Plato and Plutarch is used. The research methodology is based on the principles of historical constructivism and historical anthropology, which allow us to consider ideas about Tartarus as dynamic cultural constructs. The historical-genetic method was used to identify the stages of image transformation, the comparative-historical method was used to compare the Greek and Roman traditions, and textual analysis was used to identify stable descriptive formulas. The theoretical framework is Michel Foucault’s concept of the transition from “spectacular execution” to “disciplinary punishment”. Results of the study, discussion. The results show that the Roman reinterpretation of Tartarus includes an architectural model of a fortified city with internal stratification, the image of Rhadamanthus as a functional analogue of a Roman magistrate, a gradation of crimes reflecting the key institutions of Roman society and the process of formation of the Roman Empire. Conclusion. It is concluded that the Romans did not simply borrow the Greek mythological image, but systemically reinterpreted it, creating a disciplinary space designed to demonstrate order and the inevitability of punishment proportionate to the crime.United States Information Agency on Soviet dissent during détente: analytical assessment from the early 1970s.
UDC: 327, 94Section: HISTORY
Authors: Fominykh Alexey E.
Annotation: This publication introduces a documentary source, a research memorandum from the United States Information Agency (USIA) titled "Détente and Soviet Dissent" into scholarly circulation. The document, first published here in Russian translation, is dated September 1973 and contains assessments of the state of the dissident movement in the USSR during the period of détente and the relative warming of Soviet-American relations.
The relevance of the US propaganda agency's addressing the role of dissidents in détente and the perception of dissent in the USSR is largely due to the repetition of the Cold War experience in modern times. The short history of détente also demonstrates the fluctuations in US foreign policy, depending on the set of values of successive administrations. The USIA memo reveals the American perception of the scope of the dissident movement in the Soviet Union, their social, ethnic, and religious affiliations, the range of grievances dissidents held against the Communist government, and expectations for US foreign policy toward the USSR. In the early 1970s, the oviet leadership considered the dissent as an obstacle to the normalization of political and, especially, trade and economic relations with the United States The campaign to declare dissidents (primarily A. D. Sakharov and A. I. Solzhenitsyn) “enemies of détente” became the immediate reason for the preparation of the document.. USIA analysts did not overestimate the influence of contemporary dissidents on the wider public, given the small size and fragmentation of the internal opposition and the powerful countermeasures of the Soviet state. They emphasize that dissidents constituted the primary target audience for USIA's outreach efforts toward the USSR.The activities of Yu. Akchura in the Turkish war of ındependence
UDC: 93/94Section: HISTORY
Authors: Mehmet Cankara
Annotation: This article examines the contribution of the prominent Turkic thinker and political figure Yusuf Akchura to the victory in the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922). The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to rethink the role of individuals in the complex processes of the national liberation struggle and the formation of Turkish statehood. The scientific novelty of the work lies in its comprehensive analysis of all areas of Y. Akchura's activity during this period−propaganda, military, diplomatic, and humanitarian−drawing on both Turkish and Soviet sources. The study finds that Y. Akchura's activities were multifaceted. It shows that, starting with organizing rallies at the "Türk Ocağı" in Istanbul and enduring imprisonment, he continued the struggle in Anatolia, participating in combat operations on the Western Front. His key role as an advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in strengthening Turkish-Soviet relations is demonstrated, including his mediation in the supply of weapons and gold, as well as his organization of a humanitarian mission to save the Turkic population of the Volga region from famine. The article concludes that Yusuf Akchura represented a unique example of an intellectual who not only developed the ideological foundation of the national movement but also directly participated in its practical implementation−both on the front lines and in the diplomatic arena.On the 70th anniversary of primary school teacher training in the higher education system of the Republic of Mari El: a historical essay in the memoirs of colleagues and graduates
UDC: 378.378.4(470.343)Section: On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Olga A. Makarova; Elena V. Maltseva
Annotation: The article examines the main stages of primary school teacher training in the higher education system of the Mari El Republic on the eve of the 95th anniversary of pedagogical education. The aim of the study is to identify and generally characterize the main areas of research and pedagogical activity of teachers of the primary school faculty of the Mari El State Pedagogical Institute named after N.K. Krupskaya from 1957 to 2000.
The main research methods are theoretical analysis, biographical method, bibliographic method, comparative historical analysis, and interviews. Research results, discussion. The historical events of this period are described, reflecting the need to open the faculty and the first steps of its development from the perspective of the formation of the administrative apparatus of the dean's office and heads of departments as an important positive factor in creating a close-knit, efficient team, sensitively responsive to the challenges in the field of education of both primary and higher education. The paper presents key milestones in the biographies and key dates in the professional careers of teachers who made a significant contribution to the development of the faculty. Considerable attention is given to the description of scientific achievements, which were actively developed in the initial stage thanks to collaboration with leading Moscow universities. The main research areas and the level of published works are outlined, and the theoretical foundations of pedagogy were often verified by practice in schools with a national component, which provided a significant impetus to the development of ethnopedagogy. The process of creating the faculty's material and methodological environment is examined: the organization of specialized classrooms, the equipment of a school-type classroom, and the publication of original textbooks and teaching aids for students and schoolchildren in the republic. The mentoring activities of the faculty, focused on the spiritual, moral, and aesthetic development of future teachers, are highlighted. Of particular interest in the article are excerpts from the memoirs of colleagues and graduates about the unique teaching abilities and personal qualities of the faculty.Tuzharov is a connoisseur of the native dialect of the Mari language
UDC: 811.511.1/.2Section: On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Valerij N. Maximov
Annotation: Introduction. In 2026 the Republic of Mari El will celebrate the 95th anniversary of the region’s higher education institution. We should mention one coincidence – 2026 marks the 95th anniversary of Gennady Matveevich Tuzharov, professor, an outstanding Mari linguist who devoted his life to the development of Finno-Ugric studies in Russia. G. M. Tuzharov is famous for the development of the morphological categories that was fundamentally new for Mari linguistics. It is therefore symbolic to address his legacy in the year of the university’s scientific anniversary. G. M. Tuzharov is renowned above all for his innovative theory of morphological categories and his in-depth study of the north-western dialect of the Mari language. The study of Gennadiy M. Tuzharov’s scientific and pedagogical legacy remains highly interdisciplinary. Firstly, in the context of global linguistic unification, there remains an urgent need to record and theoretically understand the dialectal substrate of the Mari language. G. M. Tuzharov’s conclusions on the independence of the north-western dialect of Mari, as well as its objective characterization of the case system (the inclusion of comparative, comitative, causative, and abesive), remain a methodological guideline for modern comparative and typological research. Secondly, 2026 marks the 95th anniversary of the scholar’s birth, which actualizes the tasks of institutional memory: preserving archival collections, republishing key monographs, and integrating his didactic work into modern teacher training programs for national schools. Among Mari linguists, the name of G. M. Tuzharov occupies a special place. He dedicated his entire academic career to the study of the morphology of the Mari language. He studied grammatical (morphological) categories of the Mari literary language and he was one of the leading morphologists in Mari linguistics. Thus, the biography of Gennadiy M. Tuzharov reflects the institutional trajectory of Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, from the post-war restoration of its pedagogical potential to the establishment of a regional center for Finno-Ugric studies. The article is devoted to the description of the life path, scientific and creative work of Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor Gennady Matveevich Tuzharov (1931–2008). The scientist's contribution to the study of grammar, dialectology, and lexicology of the Mari language is characterized. He was engaged in the study of problems of grammatical (morphological) categories in the Mari literary language. He was one of the leading morphologists in Mari linguistics.Kazan – Ishim – Riga. The beginning of N. K. Kuznetsova’s great way
UDC: 5.6.1.Section: On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Iskander R. Mubarakshin
Annotation: Based on historical sources (family archive, diary entries, memoirs of contemporaries), this article reconstructs the life path of a labor veteran, an Honored Worker of Public Education, and a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N. K. Krupskaya (MSPI), Nika Konstantinovna Kuznetsova. She worked at MSPI from 1952 until her retirement in 1983. Even after retirement, almost until the last days of her life, she maintained close ties with the faculty and the institute, and was actively involved in research work. Her achievements included not only the graduates she taught and mentored at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, but also the restored history of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and the identification of students who participated alongside the Podolsk cadets in the defense of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War. She was truly a legendary figure not only of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics but of the entire MSPI. The article, based on the author's personal recollections and documents from the family archive, describes the professional path of N. K. Kuznetsova before her move to Yoshkar-Ola and her employment at the Mari State Pedagogical Institute (MGPI). This includes her studies at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kazan University, early graduation of senior courses due to the outbreak of the war in June 1941, participation in the construction of the Kazan Bypass of the Volga Defensive Line, and her work as an assistant in the Department of Geometry at KSU. Being married to a Soviet officer, N. K. Kuznetsova moved with her husband to the city of Ishim, where he was stationed, and worked at a local school. After the liberation of the Baltic states, the family, along with the military unit, moved to Riga. The article presents the fate of a Soviet university graduate during the war and post-war years, her personal development, and her formation as a university lecturer. The article is written in the genre of a historical essay, which is due to the fact that it is based on the personal recollections of the author, N. K. Kuznetsova's son.The leaders of the MSPI after N. K. Krupskaya in the 1950s were participants in the Great Patriotic War
UDC: 378-057.4(470.343)Section: On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Aleksey G. Oshaev
Annotation: Introduction. This article discusses issues related to the fate and activities of the directors of the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N.K. Krupskaya in the 1950s. During these years, the heads of the university were former veterans who had an authoritative influence on the formation of teaching staff at the institute. The article highlights the work of the institute's directors, participants of the Great Patriotic War, who paid close attention to the organization of educational and research work, strengthening and expanding the material and technical base of the educational institution. Purpose: to highlight the most important events in the life of the principals of the pedagogical institute, who made a personal contribution to the victory in the Great Patriotic War, and after the war to the training of teachers in the republic. Materials and methods. The work is based on the use of published materials and documents preserved in the archival collections of the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El and the Mari State University, which allow us to recreate a holistic picture of the combat and labor activities of the institute's directors, to determine the degree of its influence on the educational process and the formation of a holistic personality. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principle of historicism. The factual material of the article is revealed through the use of the historical and biographical method, which allows the researcher to give a consistent and complete account of the events being characterized. Research results, discussions. In the course of the work, some subjects of the life of veterans during the Great Patriotic War, their contribution to the fight against the Nazi invaders and post-war activities aimed at creation – administrative, scientific, pedagogical and educational work - are studied. In the 1950s. The heads of the pedagogical Institute were participants of the Great Patriotic War A. F. Yarygin, S. A. Korobov, A. A. Kozhevnikov, D. M. Medzhitov, M. I. Romanov. During the war, they fought steadfastly for their homeland. For their courage and heroism at the front, they were presented with state awards – orders and medals. The front-line leaders made a significant contribution to the training and patriotic education of young people at the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N. K. Krupskaya. After the war, the country faced a colossal task – not only to restore the destroyed economy, but also to raise a new generation capable of bringing knowledge and virtue to society. And it was the veterans who became the ones who revived higher education in the Mari Republic. The heads of the pedagogical Institute were engaged in active social activities. Over the years of their work at the institute, their achievements have been recognized with labor awards. Conclusion. The article allows us to expand the understanding of students, teachers and an interested circle of readers about the activities of the heads of the pedagogical institute, who defended their Homeland with weapons in their hands, worked for its glory and in a peaceful field.“The golden fundˮ: the people who determined the fate faculty of the foreign lan-guages
UDC: 378-057.17(470.343)Section: On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El
Authors: Flera Ya. Khabibullina; Galina A. Trapeznikova
Annotation: In 2026, the 95th anniversary of higher education in the Republic of Mari El is being celebrated. The universities of the Mari El Republic serve as a foundation for training highly qualified specialists in various fields. Seventy‑four years ago, in 1952, classes began at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N. K. Krupskaya, the main goal of which was to train highly qualified teaching staff for schools in the USSR and the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. A significant milestone in the development of the faculty was the work of the deans and department heads in the 1980s–1990s and early 21st century Larisa Ilinichna Vasilyeva and Nadezhda Ivanovna Arzamastseva. The article places particular emphasis on the development of the methodological school of foreign language teaching at the N. K. Krupskaya Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, the organization of educational and research work, the formation of the teaching staff, and the development of the faculty’s traditions. Throughout the entire period, thanks to the efforts of L. I. Vasilyeva and N. I. Arzamastseva, the faculty has managed to maintain a high level of training for foreign language teachers for the Russian and regional education systems